2013-14 College Admissions Trends

What to Expect if You're Applying to College This Fall College admissions season is in full swing, and with an increasingly competitive landscape, it’s sometimes hard to keep up with what’s new and what’s changing from year to year. From the Fisher v. UT-Austin case to the revamped Common App, there’s a lot that has happened since last admissions season that has had an influence on the 2013-14 college application process. Here are the top college admissions trends for 2013 that students and families should be aware of: Greater Emphasis on IQ No, we’re not talking about the intelligence test. In NACAC’s State of College Admissions report last year, the organization found that US colleges and universities were less able to predict enrollment trends than they were 10 years ago. With yield rates steadily decreasing as a result of more students applying to more schools, expect more emphasis to be put on interest quotient (IQ), or demonstrated interest. In order to better predict enrollment and yield, schools have started to focus more on IQ by tracking visits, interviews, and examining how well students know the institution through their supplemental essays, thus gauging their likelihood of enrolling of admitted. In that same report, NACAC found that 21% of colleges rated demonstrated interest as â€Å"considerable important,† up from 7% in 2003. Expect this trend to continue this admissions season. New Common Application We’ve highlighted before the changes that The Common Application has made leading up to launch of CA4 at the beginning of the month. From new essay topics, higher word-limit, new member schools, and a completely redesigned platform, the new Common App is one of the most visible changes that families will encounter this admissions season. More Creative Supplements With the launch of the new Common Application comes the college specific supplements. In an effort to learn more about applicants and encourage students to think critically and outside the box, schools are coming out with more quirky and creative supplements. Some were recently featured on the TODAY Show. Less Emphasis on Class Rank The applicant pool is expected to, yet again, fiercely competitive this year at some of the country’s most selective institutions, but one thing that is not expected to be a major â€Å"tipping factor† is class rank. NACAC reported last year that colleges and universities are putting less emphasis on class rank, and that trend is expected to continue this year. Because the process of determining class rank varies from high school to high school, and no two schools are the same, expect colleges and universities to look more closely at an applicant’s grades, courses, and their high school’s overall profile and student body. Social Media is More Important Increasingly, social media has become a major factor in college admissions, and this year is no different. Now with the launch of LinkedIn’s University Pages, and the availability of the platform to teens 14 and older (Previously users had to be 18 or older to created a LinkedIn profile), students have more access to information that can help them make an informed decision about where to apply to college, but they also have to be more aware of what they do online. With 26% of admissions officers looking up students on Facebook, and 27% googling prospective applicants, it’s more important than ever for students to be wary of what they post online. Especially since 35% of admissions officers reported that they found something that negatively impacted their view of an applicant when looking him or her up online. For Now, Affirmative Action in Admissions Stands Perhaps one of the biggest news items in college admissions this year is one aspect that will not be changing. The much-anticipated ruling in Fisher v UT-Austin came this summer, but everything is staying the same. The Supreme Court returned the case to the lower courts for reevaluation, so, for now, affirmative action in college admissions remains. What do you think of this year’s expected admissions trends? For more updated information on what’s going on in college admissions this fall, be sure to check out our Weekly College Admissions News Roundups, and follow on Facebook and Twitter.

North and South Dominated by the struggle of powerful personalities - Literature Essay Samples

Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South is a novel dominated by the struggle of powerful personalities. The Bildungsroman style of novel explores the coming of age of Margaret Hale, the nineteen year old protagonist, and the ‘struggles’ she faces and the preoccupations she is ‘struggling’ with. Alongside Margaret, Gaskell presents characters including Mr. Thornton, Mr. Hale, and Nicholas Higgins, all of whom, in some sense have a powerful personality, which may not be authoritatively or physically ‘powerful’, but as a character who plays a ‘powerful’ literary role within the scope of the novel. Through close analysis of Gaskell’s choice of language, structure and form, the ‘struggle’ of each character can be assessed through the presentation and exploration of the social concerns which are related with autonomy and the value of class in the context of 1850’s England. Margaret Hale’s character, as the protagonist, dominates Gaskell’s novel. Gaskell’s own working title for her novel, first published in Dicken’s Household Words between 1854 and 1855, was ‘Margaret Hale’, which illuminates her character’s significance. However the altered title; North and South, proposed by Dicken’s himself, suggests that Margaret’s personal struggles, appear â€Å"secondary† to the wider theme of class conflict.[1] Margaret’s character does herself struggle with class conflict, and more specifically female autonomy, exemplified in her developing relationship with Bessy Higgins; Margaret considers â€Å"more sorrowfully than Bessy did, of the contrast between them.† The â€Å"contrast† seemingly appears to be problematic enough for Gaskell to pose Margaret to â€Å"sorrowfully† reflect on the differences between the two friends, which at the moment of reflection, mirrors Margaret’s evolving opinions of the people of the North. Margaret appears to observe the behaviour of everyone she is contact with, process it, and adopt the parts that will serve to improve her own character. She also uses every uncomfortable or difficult moment to improve her character, both consciously and unconsciously, which exemplifies the struggle for her female self-determination amid her relationship with Mr. John Thornton. Margaret does not accept the assumption that women are inferior in any particular, and revels in her eloquence and personal strength; which is often evident in her convincing and somewhat provocative tone. For instance Margaret flirtatiously provokes disagreement from Mr. Thornton when discussing the debated topic of class struggle in Milton, in the North, â€Å"’But’, said Margaret in a low voice†, with â€Å"what she said only [irritating] him.† The hushed tone of Margaret implies that she understands that her rebuttal is controversial, and that contextually for a lady to speak out against a man in the patriarchal society in which her character is struggling to comes to terms with, illuminates Margaret’s true personality. Margaret’s true character is one who must deal with her suppressed feelings for John Thornton, a man who she considers to be below her social status, which is evidence therefore to suggest that her ‘powerful personal ity’ confronts the struggles of class conflict, which is a recurrent theme throughout the novel. The relationship between Margaret Hale and Mr. Thornton personifies the social divide between the North and South; and the struggle for Margaret to evolve into a less audacious, outspoken, Southerner. â€Å"The North in mid-Victorian fiction is not merely a place by a figure for capitalist values for which Manchester was often the symbol†[2], illustrates Gaskell’s presentation of Thornton’s conventional attitude to the government determining the political economy, and that how, as a multi-faceted, sympathetic character, he exemplifies how a man from the North does not have to have his ability to succeed, squandered by his social class. Mr. Thornton struggles to justify with Margaret how he believes that â€Å"It is one of the great beauties if our system, that a working-man may raise himself into the power and position of a master.† Although Gaskell suggests to her middle class readership that Margaret struggles with her affection she feels toward Mr. Thor nton, contrastingly, Thornton seemingly has no difficulty whatsoever. The literary use of free indirect discourse within the omniscient narrative, exemplifies the continuously conflicting opinions which the people from the North and the South use to justify to their companions, which is of use in observing the evolution of Margaret and Mr. Thornton’s relationship. Upon meeting Margaret, every detail of her character appears to fascinate Thornton, for example when taking tea at the Hale household, Thornton is presented by Gaskell to be captivated by a bracelet on Margaret’s arm, which required â€Å"re-placing†, â€Å"until it tightened her soft flesh†, Thornton â€Å"watched† Margaret struggle with this minute imperfection in her dress, so much so as to suggest he observed â€Å"with far more attention than he listened to her father.† Through examination of the couple’s relationship, Thornton’s character undergoes a transformat ional journey that provides Gaskell’s contemporary readership with thought-provoking questions concerning the struggle of social responsibility and how a responsible society should be managed. By contrast, the characterization of Mrs. Hale suggests that North and South is also dominated by the struggle of personalities, though not necessarily those of ‘powerful’ ones. Mrs Hale, somewhat like her daughter Margaret, struggles with the loss of her idyllic life in Helstone, where Margaret’s depiction of the two locations, exemplifies the female character’s views of their homes, meanwhile essentially commenting on their declining social status. Margaret describes Helstone as â€Å"like a village in a poem—in one of Tennyson’s poems,† where cottages had â€Å"roses growing all over them.† The manufacturing town of Milton-Northern cannot be more different; it had a â€Å"lead-coloured cloud† hanging over it, and its air â€Å"had a faint taste and smell of smoke.† Mrs. Hale’s health declines immensely in the period of movement from the South to the North, and this physical struggle she undergoes juxtapose s the psychological turmoil she evokes of herself. A sense of regret in her choice of spouse is evident in Mrs. Hale’s character, particularly when compared to the domineering, matriarchal character of Aunt Shaw, whereby her choice of marrying for status has only been a positive one, in comparison to Mrs. Hale marrying for the love she felt for Mr. Hale, which unfortunately has led to her movement to the industrialized North. If not a ‘powerful personality’ in Gaskell’s novel, it is considered what literary purpose Mrs. Hale’s character serves, and arguably her purpose is one of satirical juxtaposition amid the characters as a whole. Whereby her refutation and dislike of all things industrialized and ‘Northern’, contrasts Margaret’s ever-changing opinions of the acquaintances she has made; exemplified in Bessy and Mr. Nicholas Higgins. Gaskell is known for writing â€Å"in the dialect,† that is, writing the way characters of a certain background speak. She does so in this novel in the case of Bessy and Nicholas Higgins, who are daughter and father, poor Milton laborers who are befriended by Miss Hale, and who play central roles in rousing her interest in the plight of the Milton workers. Gaskell presents the theme of religion to be reason for Mr. Hale’s struggle in her novel, North and South. The novel is replete with religious and biblical references. Faith and morality are core ingredients for the existence of the central characters that are Margaret Hale and her father, Richard Hale, and is to a great extent the cause of all the Hale’s struggles related to the North. It is argued however, that Mr. Hale’s character is not readily defined as a ‘powerful personality’, implied by Gaskell’s portrayal of his ‘feminine’ features and actions. His appearance in part portrays Mr. Hale’s ‘femininity’, especially his face, in which his eyelids are â€Å"large and arched†, which give his eyes â€Å"a peculiar languid beauty which was almost feminine.† The implication of a female’s beauty being â€Å"languid† or lethargic, to the modern feminist, appears disrespectful, though o ne can infer it is Mr. Hale’s tenderness that evokes femininity, rather than weariness. â€Å"His timidity, weakness and emotionalism are seen, as critics have noticed, as undesirable by the narrator,† not so much because they are ‘feminine’ qualities, but more to the extent to which his excess of both female and male characteristics burden his daughter with the decisions, which in normal circumstances, would be those of a father. Margaret for instance evolves to adopt a masculine way of thinking, and is tasked with the struggle of managing the practicalities of the move to Milton, and her mother’s distress. It is certain that Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South, is dominated by the struggle of powerful personalities, although it is not solely ‘powerful personalities’ who are depicted to be struggling. Margaret Hale, as the protagonist dominates the story line of Gaskell’s novel; and although her character may not be physically powerful though brute strength, her audacious nature and the manner with which she expresses her opinion are considered to be powerful. Somewhat similar to Margaret, Bessy Higgins is an idealist who represents vain hope within Gaskell’s novel, and it is certain that her ‘power’ is not physical. Mr. Hale furthermore represents a rather feminine character, whereby he struggles with the coming to terms of accepting the guilt of his wife’s terminal illness. From a different perspective, Mr. John Thornton represents a ‘powerful personality’ who struggles to win the heart of Margaret, whilst weakly succu mbing to her outspoken behavior. [1] E. Gaskell, North and South (1853) Penguin Classics: London. p. xii [2] Gaskell, Ibid. p. xiii

Essay on Choosing to Be Happy - 2090 Words

â€Å"Choose to be happy.† This is what mom has always said, since a very young age and still to this day she tells everyone. For so long, it was just â€Å"mom talk†, those things your mother says that is supposed to make you stop and think. Yet, being too young, dumb and full of it, to really understand what she means. Curiosity emerges and suddenly there is a need to understand what it really means to be happy, what constitutes Happiness? So follow up with some research, entering the bookstore, gliding in and out of the rows and rows in the self-help sections are others, asking the same question. What is happiness? Where does it come from, are we born with it or do we make it happen? Happiness is but a belief, an idea, a theory; but theories,†¦show more content†¦Book 1, Ch 9). His concept is directed to an action, suggesting that there are choices with in each action and the end should be good. There are many â€Å"goods† to find in our lives, thi ngs which are intrinsically good and things which are good as being conductive to the intrinsically good. The collective good is derived through virtuous choices. Virtue, then, assists man in obtaining pleasure and is also a form of character not a talent or desire. Aristotles view is that one cannot learn moral virtue; it is always both an external action and an internal characteristic. Since it must be internal as well as external, to be genuine virtues must be a matter of habit sustained over an entire lifetime. Virtuous choices lead to happiness, the highest of all goods achievable by action Aristotle (Ostwald, 1999, pp. Book 1, ch 4), Aristotle views happiness as the highest goal of life. So is he saying that we need to be good for our whole life before we can achieve happiness? Being morally virtuous is a way of leading a happy life. By not stealing, or killing, or lying; one can be content to know that he is good and this will bringing happiness. But can this lead to its ab solute definition, can some live a life without lie. If put in a situation where it was a necessity to lie in order to save a life, is it possible to find happiness even though you are notShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Happiness713 Words   |  3 Pageslife today, you can still choose to be happy. By choosing to be unhappy you put yourself in a sorrowful and melancholia mindset, which isnt good for your mental and physical health. First and foremost, attitude is a huge factor in choosing to be happy. A good attitude and look on life creates happiness in our lives. If we have a bad attitude, nothing will ever make you happy. Many people take different extremes to make themselves feel happy. Some people choose drugs and alcohol,Read MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill930 Words   |  4 Pagesnever want to go back to choosing the lower pleasure except in extreme circumstances. For example someone might get pleasure from eating McDonalds, but one day they decide to go to chipotle instead and find out that they like it much better than McDonalds. The next time that person is hungry and having to choose between McDonalds and Chipotle they are going to go with Chipotle because it brought them more pleasure than McDonalds did. Even when the consequences of choosing Chipotle are greater thanRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters follow when choosing their mate s. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? 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A career is not solelyRead MoreChristianity And Politics : God Versus The City Of Man1415 Words   |  6 Pagesof law can be seen in accord with the rule of God which emphasizes the great debate of the City of God versus the City of Man. Augustine believes that Christianity is needed for a healthy life because obtaining peace is difficult. In establishing a happy life, hope is necessary which can be achieved through God. Augustine asserts that there are insufficiencies in living a pagan way of life to achieve happiness. There are three pagan ways of a life are leisure, busy, and a combination of both. LeisureRead MoreThe Importance Of Employing For New Steel-Toed Thoes827 Words   |  4 Pagesmany outside functions in the winter. After reviewing management’s standpoint and the standpoint of the union with consideration of Section 25:05: Protective Clothing, Equipment, and Tools a solution will be made and presented to make both sides happy. As the manager, I want to make sure that all of my employees are safe. I want to really hear them out and their reasoning before making any further decisions. After hearing what they have to say and their concerns I am open to working out an agreementRead MoreChristianity And Politics : God Versus The City Of Man1426 Words   |  6 Pagesof law can be seen in accord with the rule of God which emphasizes the great debate of the City of God versus the City of Man. Augustine believes that Christianity is needed for a healthy life because obtaining peace is difficult. In establishing a happy life, hope is necessary which can be achieved through God. Augustine asserts that there are insufficiencies in living a pagan way of life to achieve happiness. There are three ways of life which are leisure, busy, and a combination of both. LeisureRead More`` Happy Endings `` By Margaret Atwood934 Words   |  4 Pageslife and happy endings. 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For example, the children in Africa have little to nothing and they are sill satisfied, they choose to be happy. They may not have much food orRead MoreAristotle Think Made A Good Life849 Words   |  4 Pagesused, one can understand that Aristotle found that to be happy one needs to have ethics, morality, and virtue, but also needs to have balance, proportion and harmony in all of the t hings that they do. One still needs to find out how to find or be those things. How does one know that they have balance and harmony in their life? How does one know that they possess virtue, ethics, or morality? In other words, how do they know if they are happy? In Philosophy Made Simple it states â€Å"In order to achieve

Organizations Can Easily be Taken Advantage of by the...

In the text, professor O’Hara is talking about how organizations will always have accidents. In other words, the author tries to explain that organizations by their nature always face some challenges or conflicts, whether it is economic or internal. There are several factors that cause the agency to have accidents. For instance, lack of oversight, segregation of duties, checks and balances, accountability, and etc.; that all may become a part of an accident in organizations. Another example is when there are politics involved in the organization; it can be another accident as well. Especially, during the elections people or organizations with their own agendas give big donations to political parties so they can buy votes instead of winning†¦show more content†¦The key to understand the Cressy’s theory is we have to remember that in order a fraud to occur all three elements must be present. As we discussed afore mentioned about non-shareable financial need, a pe rson must have an opportunity in order to commit a crime without being caught. Perceived opportunity constitutes the second element in the fraud triangle. If a person sees an opportunity to steal the cash, they will steal. Therefore, in order to prevent the fraud or stealing, we have to eliminate the opportunity in the job place by increasing the monitoring over the employees. The last and third factor in the fraud triangle is the rationalization. Cressey describes rationalization as a necessary component of the crime before it takes place. In other words, he said that it is a part of the motivation for the crime. In that category, the embezzler does not see himself or herself as a criminal; they justify their misdeeds before they commit the crime. The rationalization plays the main role while fraudster commits an illegal act in their job place because they try to maintain their concept of themselves as a trusted person. After we commit an organizational fraud, the rationalization will often be abandoned because of the nature of us all. When we commit a first crime, it is always bothers us, but if we repeat the act several times, it becomes easier and easier. (Source is taken from: Association of Certified Fraud Examiners Manual). Moreover,Show MoreRelatedAudit2577 Words   |  11 PagesFraud Auditing and Different type of fraud Introduction Over the years, the role of auditors become increasingly important especially in a capitalist economy as the process of wealth creation and political stability depends heavily upon confidence in processes of accountability and how well the expected roles are being fulfilled. An auditor has the responsibility for the prevention, detection and reporting of fraud, other illegal acts and errors is one of the most controversial issues in auditingRead MoreFraud Auditing and Different Type of Fraud2578 Words   |  11 PagesFraud Auditing and Different type of fraud Introduction Over the years, the role of auditors become increasingly important especially in a capitalist economy as the process of wealth creation and political stability depends heavily upon confidence in processes of accountability and how well the expected roles are being fulfilled. An auditor has the responsibility for the prevention, detection and reporting of fraud, other illegal acts and errors is one of the most controversial issues in auditingRead MoreFraud Triangle15238 Words   |  61 Pages
  
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Cause And Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation - 1134 Words

Shubhanker Gaur Com 1101(09) 03/17/2016 Essay 4 Cause and Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation Cause and effect Essay Sleep deprivation Most people have at least stayed awake for the entire night once during their lifetime. This behavior is common amongst individuals enrolled in High School or pursuing University degree. One might wonder how lack of sleep for the night impact him/her. However, it has being proven that being awake for 24 hours has unpleasant effects on health.So why is sleep so important? How does lack of sleep impact one’s mood so significantly, causing people to be ‘grumpy’, isn t sleep just people lying down in their bed and closing their eyes.sleep is a complex process, it is a natural process where body relaxes and repairs itself. Sleep takes places in 3 stages, 1-2 stage ,2-3 stage and REM (Rapid Eye Movement ) stage. Our body is like a battery, sleeping helps replenishes that energy, if one does not store enough energy for the next day the body will struggle to carry out simple tasks which can Aultimately lead to exhaustion. Sleep is the time when the human body gets a chanc e to rest. Personally suffering from sleep deprivation it has caused a lot of problems in my own life such as flying safely, concentrating on school work and working efficiently. Being a pilot means having flights 3 or even 4 times a week, which can make it stressful. Being at the flightline for 4 or 5 hours isnt as simple as it may sound. For instance planning a flight can take uptoShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation Negatively Influences Driving Performance1722 Words   |  7 Pagesinjuries are estimated to be the 5th leading cause of death within the next 15 years, with the current yearly death toll reaching 1.3 million (Gresser, 2014; ASIRT, 2016). The average person is generally awake for around 16 hours a day, however sometimes within busy lives sleep may become a last priority between family and work, and thus extending the period a person is awake (Williamson Feyer, 2000). In this essay, it will be argued that sleep deprivation negatively influences driving performanceRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Children1427 Words   |  6 Pagesor substances and people suffering from sleep deprivation. Effects of fatigue are thought to play a part in between 16% and 60% of road accidents and in the United states were estimated to cost in vicinity of $50 billion. This essay will argue just how dangerous driving under the influence of sleep deprivation really is. This essays argument will be supported by two major papers the first one is â€Å"Impairment of Driving Performance Caused by Sleep Deprivation or Alcohol: A Comparative Study† which wasRead MoreTopics for Cause and Effect Essays702 Words   |  3 Pages Cause and Effect Essay Topics A cause and effect essay aims at explaining the reasons and results of an event or situation. †¢ It is one the most popular essay types in the academic world. †¢ It is beneficial for a student to write a cause and effect essay because it propels him to think of the situation in depth to come up with the reasons for the birth of that situation and its eventual impact on everything it affects. †¢ It encourages the mind to think analytically and investigate a situationRead MoreAnalysis Of Frank Bruni s Today s Exhausted Superkids 863 Words   |  4 Pageshow sleep needs to be a top priority in students’ lives. 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Sleep also improves short-term memory, mood, efficiency, concentration, andRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesSleep is one of the most important things a person does each day. It allows the body to rest and to replenish itself so that it is better able to serve its function of living. Yet many people who dont have enough hours in the day to do everything have to cut out sleep before any other activity. This is especially true for teenagers, who most nights are frantically trying to finish writing essays and completing worksheets before the clock strikes twelve, or are busy participating in after schoolRead MoreHow America Became Obese 873 Words   |  3 Pagesmany research studies into the causes of obesity. While many correlational links have been found, it is safe to say that obesity is a complex multi-faceted problem. Researchers have found a relationship between fetal malnutrition and later in life obesity, as well as a relationship between the thrifty genotype and inability to lose weight. Both of these correlations to obesity are thing that an individual has no real control of so they will not be examined in this essay. Relationships have also beenRead MoreCause And Effect Of Sleep Deprivation1109 Words   |  5 PagesPrice 1 Kyle Price Prof. Bridget McIntrye English 101 27 Feb 2016 Cause/Effect Essay Sleep deprivation is becoming an increasing problem many Americans deal with every day. Getting sleep is one of the basic needs. People are finding it harder and harder to get more of due to the fact that they are busy. With things like jobs, school, sports, family, and other commitments; people just don’t have time to get the sleep they need without not having a life. These things can affect the body with drivingRead MoreTechnology Use Is Responsible For Poor Sleep857 Words   |  4 PagesMany people take sleep for granted and undervalue its benefits. I myself used to think of sleep as just a time when one is idle and is doing nothing. When I have lots of coursework and many tasks to complete, sleep is often the first event on the schedule to be compromised. Sacrificing time to sleep for homework is not usually what leads to lack of sleep, unless one procrastinates. Many people do set aside enough time for sleep; however, they have trouble actually falling asleep. Afte r readingRead MoreThe Challenges Of Shift Work850 Words   |  4 Pageshours. The Significance of Sleep The biggest consequence of shift work is the lack of sleep. Often defined as fatigue, which is a state of tiredness associated with extended periods of being awake (Blachowicz Letizia, 2006). Fatigue has the potential to very harmful as is effects mood, judgement, and performance. Fatigue can lead to serious medical problems and effect daily routines. Shift workers often feel left of family activity due to their work schedule or lack of sleep. Finally, it can lead a

Microbiology Lab Report

Question: Discuss the purpose or aim of the experiment. Answer: To carry out blue white screening for confirmation of ligation of PCR products into desired cloning vector Material: Ecoli strains (DH5), PCR product, T4 DNA ligase enzyme, Luria Bertanni agar, Petri plates, ice, double distilled water, X-Gal, pipettes, PCR master mix, desired restriction endonucleases (Nybo, 2010). Procedure: Gene of interested is amplified from the available source (Genome and or vector containing insert) using specific set of forward and reverse primers. The primers should have the desired restriction sites which must be same with that of the vector in which the PCR product needs to be ligated. Amplification was confirmed by running a 1% agarose gel. Both the PCR product and the vector (in which the cloning needs to be done) were digested with the specific set of restriction endonucleases followed by elution of the respective digested products. Digestion products were confirmed by running a 1% agarose gel. The eluted PCR product and vector were ligated using the T4 DNA ligase. The ligation reaction was carried out at 16à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C overnight. Ligation was confirmed by running a 1% agarose gel (Theophilus and Rapley, 2011). The ligation product(s) were transformed into the specific E. coli strain followed by plating of the transformed cells into Luria Bertanni agar medium. The LB medium was supplemented with X-Gal for blue white screening of the bacterial colonies. Transformation of the bacterial cells with the ligation product was carried out under sterile conditions inside a horizontal laminar air flow cabinet. The plates were incubated at 37à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C overnight. After overnight incubation blue white bacterial colonies were observed in the Petri plate. Colony screening was carried out by picking the desired white colonies with a sterile toothpick and was incubated in LB media overnight at 37à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C. Observation: Bacterial colonies were obtained which were mixtures of blue and white colonies. Presence of a positive clone will be indicated as a white bacterial colony since the beta Gal in the vector will be disrupted due to the insertion of the gene of interest. Hence there will be no functional beta Gal to metabolize X-Gal (Yuanxin, 2003). On the other hand, negative bacterial colonies will have intact beta Gal that will metabolize X-Gal producing blue bacterial colonies. Results: As per observation majority of the bacterial colonies were blue except one colony that was white. Also two colonies were observed that were found to be partially white colonies. This suggests us that the positive clones containing the gene of interest might be in one of these three colonies. Hence for the purpose of further confirmation the following needs to be done: Plasmid isolation from the individual three bacterial colonies. Restriction digestion of the isolated plasmids using the restriction endonucleases to check for the fall out of the inserts (agarose gel electrophoresis should be used for this). For final confirmation sequencing of the plasmid samples should be done (Nybo, 2010). Conclusion: The above set of experiments indicates that the cloning of the gene of interest into the desired vector was successful. However further experiments (as mentioned above) needs to be carried out to absolutely confirm the cloning success. References Nybo, K. (2010). DNA and General PCR Methods: Blunt-end Ligation. Biotechniques, 48(4), 273-275. https://dx.doi.org/10.2144/000113397 Theophilus, B., Rapley, R. (2011). PCR mutation detection protocols. New York, N.Y.: Humana Press. Yuanxin, Y. (2003). T-linker-specific ligation PCR (T-linker PCR): an advanced PCR technique for chromosome walking or for isolation of tagged DNA ends. Nucleic Acids Research, 31(12), 68e-68.

Business Research Method for Contrast Theory- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Method for Contrast Theory. Answer: Introduction The base of satisfaction exists in mankinds abilities of learning from their previous experiences. A number of theories have been made use of for understanding the procedure through which satisfaction judgments is formed by customers. Over the years of research, authors and researchers have used or many forms of comparison to define and model satisfaction. Some of the most advanced theoretical approaches include assimilation theory, negativity theory, contrast theory and assimilation-contrast theory. Among these, the most commonly discussed is the assimilation theory. The theory was originally extracted from Kurt Lewins theory of cognitive dissonance, which later was developed and refined by Festinger. Dissonance theory is the basis of assimilation theory (Oliver 2014). Discussion Summary of the Theory and Progression in the Field The dissonance theory sets that the clients of a specific product make some sort of cognitive correlation between expectations about the product and the apparent product performance. In the event that there is a disparity amongst expectations and saw product performance then dissonance or negative disconfirmation emerges. This perspective of the shopper "post-usage evaluation" was brought into the satisfaction literature as assimilation theory (Festinger 1962). Consumers have the option of reducing the tension that results from any discrepancy amongst expectations and product performance in two ways by distorting the expectations to make them accord with perceived product performance or raise the satisfaction level by means of minimization of the relative importance of the disconfirmation experienced. If the consumers adjusts either their expectations or their perceptions regarding product performance then the dissatisfaction would not become a result of the post usage evaluation pr ocedure. This theory has an implication that it is the responsibility of the promotional mix of a product to substantially direct expectations above product performance for obtaining a better customer evaluation or observation of the companys product (Vivek, Beatty and Morgan 2012). Themes/Findings According to Wanjiku, Ombui and Iravo (2016), assimilation theory indeed comes from dissonance theory. Their discussion continues on the assessment of any discrepancy among expectations and perceived product performance, which leads to the rising of dissonance. The article also discusses about the weaknesses of the assimilation theory. The approach suggests that there is a connection between satisfaction and expectation, however, not specifying the way disconfirmation of an expectation the theory even suggest that customers have that much of inspiration among them for adjusting either their perceptions or their expectations in regards to the product performance. Controlling for actual product performance could lead to a constructive relationship between satisfaction and expectation. It would seem that dissatisfaction can never happen except the evaluative processes were to start with negative customer expectations. The main aim of this research is examining the influence of the custo mer service stratgeies on the customer satisfaction of the firms. Lankton and McKnight (2012) discusses assimilation theory in response to the postulation that if it is perceived by individuals that the discrepancy among expectations and performance is small enough, they would accept the disparity and assimilate their performance evaluations towards their expectations. Therefore, assimilation reduces the existing cognitive dissonance amongst expectation and performance perceptions. Assimilation theory backs the positive association amongst expectations and satisfaction as individuals react to performance with similar satisfaction levels as their expectations. The major focus of this article is to explain a lot of customer satisfaction theories in terms of their nature and development of customer satisfaction from different perspectives. Isac and Rusu (2014) opines that the assimilation theory assumes that the consumers are interested enough to modify both their product performance p erception and expectations. This article focuses on the influence expectations, disconfirmation and performance have on customer satisfaction (Velte and Stawinoga 2016; Shipman 2014). Study Limitations and its Variance The three discussed articles are based on three types of research method quantitative, qualitative and mixed method. All these research methods have some limitations of their own, while being included in a study. The first issues that arises in the methodology section is of the sample size. It is dictated by the type of research problem to be investigated. A too small sample size would pose difficulty in finding significant relationships from the data. It is not relevant for qualitative research. Another issue that arises is the lack of available and reliable data, which limits the scope of the analysis, sample size and finding of trend. Lack of previous literature on the same topic acts as a barrier to laying foundation for understanding the research problem being investigated. In some cases it happens that after completion of the interpretation of the findings it is found that the way the data is gathered inhibited the capability to carry out a complete analysis of the results. In such cases it is recommended that acknowledgement of the deficiency and the need for revising the specific method of data collection is provided for future researchers. Possibly, access denied or limited for access to people, organizations or documents happen in case of carrying out a research. Bias detected in prior research also acts as a barrier for proper solution of the hypothesis. Future Research Directions The articles discussed in previously recommended some solutions for future researchers. It has been suggested that the survey sample be not skewed towards a specific profile, and more easily generic conclusions could have drawn if a better representative sample could have been taken. Suggestions regarding change of areas and counties as also put forward as recommendation. Recommendations were given that disconfirmation operationalization can be acquired via different methods. Conclusion On summarizing the articles discussed, it can be understood that the base of comprehending customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction depends on the ability of learning from past experiences. Customer satisfaction is considered as the first conceptualizations as a singular variable that represents a sole reaction of customer evaluation, which can both be connected or not connected to the concepts of pre-evaluation. References Festinger, L., 1962.A theory of cognitive dissonance(Vol. 2). Stanford university press. Isac, F.L. and Rusu, S., 2014. Theories Of Consumers Satisfaction And The Operationalization Of The Expectation Disconfirmation Paradigm.Annals-Economy Series,2, pp.82-88. Lankton, N.K. and McKnight, H.D., 2012. Examining two expectation disconfirmation theory models: assimilation and asymmetry effects.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,13(2), p.88. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Shipman, M.D., 2014.The limitations of social research. Routledge. Velte, P. and Stawinoga, M., 2016. Integrated reporting: the current state of empirical research, limitations and future research implications.Journal of Management Control, pp.1-46. Vivek, S.D., Beatty, S.E. and Morgan, R.M., 2012. Customer engagement: Exploring customer relationships beyond purchase.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,20(2), pp.122-146. Wanjiku, N.R., Ombui, K. and Iravo, M., 2016. Effects of Customer Service Strategies on Customer Satisfaction of Firms in the Telecommunication Sector in Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(5), pp.162-1631.